I think Senpai is pretty well ingrained into anyone who watches any anime to just be an accepted word.
Senpai in the streets, etc...
Notice me Senpai....
So yeah, not only isn't it a highly recognizable and significant word to the larger fanbase, but it's also a word that's extremely puncuated and recognizable in speech even for people who have never studied Japanese in the slightest. So I don't think there's an issue with not translating it. Kouhai is less well known, but it's a very related word, so I don't think it hurts to keep them the same. Any dolt with half a brain can see that kouhai means the opposite.
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Abunja
KoyomiKami
Maxine
the_swizzler